Types of Jellyfish and How to Act in Case of a Sting

Brief guide on the types of jellyfish that you can find in European waters and how to act in case of a sting.


1. Portuguese Man-of-War Jellyfish (Physalia physalis)

This striking floating jellyfish can be found in the waters of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Although their appearance is beautiful, their tentacles can be extremely painful if they come into contact with the skin. If you encounter a Portuguese man o' war, keep your distance and do not touch it.


2. Nettle Jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella)

Also known as "stinging jellyfish", this species is found in coastal waters of Europe. Its tentacles release a stinging substance that causes redness, itching and irritation to the skin. In case of contact, rinse the affected area with salt water and avoid rubbing.

3. Cross Jellyfish (Aurelia aurita)

This transparent jellyfish is common on European coasts. Although their bite is generally less painful than that of other species, it can still cause discomfort. Wash the affected area with seawater and apply a moisturizer to relieve irritation.


4. Sea Wasp Jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) - Mediterranean Sea

This species, most common in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, has occasionally been sighted in the Mediterranean. Their bites can be extremely painful and even fatal in severe cases. If you suspect you have been stung by a sea wasp jellyfish, seek medical attention immediately.


What to do in case of a bite?


Get out of the water: If you feel a sting, get out of the water immediately to avoid further contact with the jellyfish.


Do not rub: Do not rub the affected area, as this can worsen the release of venom.


Rinse with salt water: Wash the affected area with sea water to remove any remains of tentacles. Avoid using fresh water, as it can increase the release of poison.


Apply heat: Applying moderate heat to the affected area can help reduce pain and inflammation. You can use a hot water bottle or soak the area in hot water.


Use vinegar: In some cases, applying vinegar to the bite can help deactivate the remaining stinging cells.


Seek medical attention: If the sting is severe, if you experience an allergic reaction, or if irritation persists, seek medical attention immediately.